Lots of bad info there.
The biggest change is the '17+ axles that have a different gear set and are sometimes called "short" pinion Dana 60s since the pinion shaft is shorter but much thicker. Also 28 spline vs. the 29 spline that is the same as legacy Dana 60s used from 2005-2016. As far as I can tell, 4.88 is the lowest you can go in a 2017+ axle much like the '11+ 37 spline pinion Sterlings..
1550 joints started in either 2015 with the first major upgrade to the 6.7L or in 2017 with the Alumiduty but I am not positive. It is somewhat immaterial though since the factory 1550 shafts cost less than $400 with joints brand new and are backwards compatible all the way to 2005.
Brakes got bigger in 2013 and have been roughly the same size since (~13.7" to ~14.3"). Not all 17" wheels will fit on the 2013+ axles.
Knuckles have changed slightly over the years, 2005-2007 are the beefiest, but none of them are particularly weak like old factory kingpin knuckles.
In 2023, Ford started putting M235 (9.25") centers in most of the trucks, although some configurations still get the 10" (256mm) Super 60 center. The outers are identical, so it is somewhat analogous to the D50 vs. D60 in the '99-'04 trucks; however, the M235 center should be stronger than the old Dana 50 center.