Answer (1 of 7): Believe it or not … This thought is a logical one. How in the whole world a so complex and advanced mechanism can be a single and only one of its kind in the whole world ? How the Greeks managed to make a so complicated mechanism without to find other mechanisms that could be t...
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Historians note that there are records which likely relate to similar devices around this time, but the Antikythera mechanism is the only example found.
My own view is that the periods used by the mechanism are known in Minoan times and there is a simpler non-mechanical device called the
Minoan Moulds of Palaikastro
which is over a thousand years older. It establishes an interest in such devices and I think it likely that the Antikythera mechanism is the culmination of improvements in mechanics and astronomy.
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Why no other similar devices have survived from antiquity
The only reason why no other examples of devices like the Antikythera mechanism have survived from antiquity to modernity is because devices like the Antikythera mechanism were extremely rare and expensive; they were not the sort of thing your average man in ancient Greece just had sitting in his closet.
You have to add onto this the fact that almost all the artifacts that existed in antiquity have been lost or destroyed. Indeed, it is especially rare for metal devices from ancient times to survive because, in most cases, such devices were eventually melted down for their metal.
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Coverage of similar devices in the writings of Cicero
The popular science writers and news outlets keep claiming that scholars had no idea that devices like the Antikythera mechanism even existed before the mechanism was discovered in the shipwreck off the coast of Antikythera in 1901.
In reality, it has always been well known among classical scholars that these kinds of devices existed in classical antiquity. Classical scholars have known about the existence of these kinds of devices since long before the Antiktythera mechanism was ever discovered, because these kinds of devices are actually discussed quite extensively in surviving classical sources.
Notably, the Roman orator Cicero (lived 106 – 43 BC) mentions several devices similar to the Antikythera mechanism in his treatise De Re Publica 1.14. Here are Cicero’s own words,
“But what appeared very admirable in this invention of Archimedes was, that he had discovered a method of producing the unequal and various courses, with their dissimilar velocities, by one revolution. When Gallus put this sphere in motion, the moon was made to succeed the sun by as many revolutions of the brass circle, as it actually took days to do in the heavens. From which the same setting of the sun was produced on the sphere as in the heavens: and the moon fell on the very point, where it met the shadow of the earth, when the sun from the region…’”
Clearly, the device Cicero is describing here is one very, very much like the Antikythera mechanism. And, again, this passage was certainly known long before the rediscovery of the Antikythera mechanism in 1901
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In reality, it is certainly possible that some forms of ancient technology may have been more sophisticated in terms of some specific aspects and functions than what historians now believe them to have been. For instance, we might, say, discover that ancient Roman building methods were somewhat more advanced than we previously realized or that the ancient Greeks knew a bit more about astronomy than we once thought.
Nonetheless, it is highly, highly unlikely that we will ever have to completely revise our entire understanding of what kinds of technologies existed in the ancient world; we almost certainly aren’t going to discover that the ancient Romans built the Pantheon using ultrasonic levitators or that the ancient Greeks built a rocket ship and flew to the Moon.