We started full no till and cover crop a few years back, and are getting more cattle guys to run their herds on the cover crops inside electric fence over winter. The more soil health books I read the more interested I am. Lee, thanks for the recommendation, I have a Chappell podcast cued up for tomorrow.
Some of it's tough to get buy-in on, and it's even tougher to make blanket recommendations. There's a lot of nuance for each farm. Our own researchers disagree on seemingly simple things, like cover crop termination. Our entomologists want 4 week minimum chemical burn down prior to planting just to prevent green bridge pest introduction. The diehard Soil Health nuts want you planting green, chemical burn down day of planting, or roller crimping to keep living roots in the soil as long as possible, and use a pesticide to handle insect pressure. Then you've got the real hardcore like Adam, he's got a MS in entomology so he knows a thing or two, he says with enough diversity in his cover crops he can get enough beneficial predator insects in his field to control the pest insects. It takes a diligence and whole new approach to "farming" though, and not everyone has the wherewithal to handle, "that ain't how grandpa did it."
I was speaking at a meeting with a bunch of ecologist type folks a few years back and was "corrected" by some of the diehard folks, I told the audience to take an incremental approach, and don't expect immediate results. One of the hardcore guys disagreed on the immediate results. I wasn't there to argue so I just nodded and went on, but it's an very different approach to farming than most folks have been doing for the past 60+ years. Our retired cotton agronomist had the best advice in my opinion, he'd recommend a single species cover crop, cereal rye works well for most of our delta farms. It's easy to manage, has great root structure, on the cheaper end of cover crop seed, and easy to get. He said it's "training wheels for cover crops." Some of my colleagues across the Mississippi prefer black oats to cereal rye, but same principle.
I've got one farm that's been in heavy covers for 25+ years right on the Mississippi, they've got their own ox bowl lake, beautiful place. They do a variety, grasses, brassicas, legumes, and even leftover crop seed on occasion. I've got a picture of their thick cover crops in late Feb from a few years back I use in a lot of presentations. It's got kale in it, and my joke is always, "best use for kale anyone's found yet."
There's some not great stuff with covers too. We've seen an allelopathic drag in yield with corn grown in cereal rye cover, corn is a grass, so it's essentially grass after grass with no crop rotation. It makes a difference.
Another one that surprised us in our edge-of-field water quality monitoring was an increase in phosphorous loss in fields with cover crops. Our theory is that the deep rooted cereal rye is mining phosphorus from the soil, and we're losing it to runoff after termination of the cover. The timing of the loss correlates with post termination decay.
That farm on the Mississippi, has a big problem with slugs during a wet spring. All the slug pesticides are really expensive, so despite being no-till and covers for decades, they've had to go to a minimum-tillage approach on a few of their fields just to manage residue to control slugs.
Sorry I kind of nerded out, I can talk about this stuff all day. All my friends call me a "dirt nerd."