Every turbo has a "efficiency" chart, this is the boost to backpressure ratio. Depending on wheel size, housing size, etc this determines the boost to backpressure ratio, ideally 1:1 or less is ideal but you give and take on this ratio/number for quick spool or high rpm power. Example of this would be 15psi of backpressure or "drive pressure" gives 15psi of boost pressure for a 1 to 1 ratio. The factory vgt turbo is typically a little swayed for lower rpm quick spool versus higher rpm flow/power but does a good job balancing it versus a conventional fixed vane turbo where you typically gain some/lose some depending on your power goals/where you want the power band to be in the rpm range. Yes on factory tuning/setup the turbo vanes close and use the turbo as a exhaust restriction/brake on top of the jakes which is a great combination.
Agree with the egr and cooler needing to be gone, cooler is bound to leak like mentioned above. Vgt turbo actuators are troublesome on these for sure.
Ive got one i currently babysit with a aftermarket fixed vane turbo, a few parts that have been lost in boating accidents and tuning to make it all work and the owner is very impressed with it. On this truck they did use the pinouts on the ecm for the jake cylinder amount selection for something with the tuning so his are always all 6 cylinders jakes engaged instead of adjustable of 2, 4, or 6 or whatever they are on these cummins.
You wont get 1 million miles out of these engines in my opinion and experience, from the ones ive been around they always put a hole in the side of the block well below that number. This particular truck has already been inframed before he bought it and i replaced the head (got one during inframe also)on it earlier this year due to pushing coolant out on heavy pulls. This is truck #3 with this engine ive been around and the others put a hole in the block around 250k/10k hours without any warning, had good oil samples, etc. I will say these have been 2007-2010 trucks. Wouldnt be my first choice in engines but im a cat guy myself.
Good luck doing anything with it other than stock in california.
NexIQ is the converter/communication module between a laptop computer and the truck ecm. You'll need the nexiq, a laptop, and cummins insite or similar to flash the tune file into the trucks ecm or send the ecm to someone with it to do so. Your gonna pay a yearly subscription fee for cummins insite and most likely will not be given access to the full version with ecm flashing without being a shop or dealership. The fleet i used to manage i had 4 yearly license subscriptions with insite i was paying for without ecm flashing, could see all codes, troubleshooting information, and clear codes and i think it was $500 or so a year for each license.
Good luck with check engine lights, weird random issues, etc. In the 15yrs ive been working on heavy duty trucks ive had a ton of wiring harness issues and ecm issues with cummins engines over other makes. Just put a harness on the truck i currently babysit for egr codes when engine would get wet that would go away after a few days and 5v supply voltage issues to sensors.