Bonanza what's the rules of self defense for your yard compared to defending your home?
Just want to clarify what I was always told.
Here's the jury instruction for self defense in your own home. Sometimes called the castle doctrine or similar.
The law presumes that the defendant reasonably feared imminent death
or great bodily injury to (himself/herself)[, or to a member of (his/her)
family or household,] if:
1. An intruder unlawfully and forcibly (entered/ [or] was entering)
the defendant’s home;
2. The defendant knew [or reasonably believed] that an intruder
unlawfully and forcibly (entered/ [or] was entering) the
defendant’s home;
3. The intruder was not a member of the defendant’s household or
family;
AND
4. The defendant used force intended to or likely to cause death or
great bodily injury to the intruder inside the home.
[Great bodily injury means significant or substantial physical injury. It is
an injury that is greater than minor or moderate harm.]
The People have the burden of overcoming this presumption. This means
that the People must prove that the defendant did not have a reasonable
fear of imminent death or injury to (himself/herself)[, or to a member of
his or her family or household,] when (he/she) used force against the
intruder. If the People have not met this burden, you must find the
defendant reasonably feared death or injury to (himself/herself)[, or to a
member of his or her family or household].
So take note of how this is written. This isn't a "someone you don't know is in your house so you have a license to kill". Self defense is a broad legal umbrella, a term which is also litigated more than (anecdotally) anything else in criminal law. This is also largely due to the fact that prosecutors, praise be upon them, have to DISPROVE a violent act was not in self-defense. It's quite a challenge. Compare that, for example, to an affirmative defense. I'll explain.
Affirmative defenses are things the defense has the burden to prove, but if they do, amounts to a complete legal defense. So if I have to prove A, B, and C to get a guilty verdict, if the defense proves X, they win even if I've proved A, B, and C. But for many violent crimes, I also have to prove that X didn't happen. So I have to prove A, B, C, and ~X. It's easier to deal with affirmative defenses because the burden shifts to the defendant, and it's also one less thing I have to prove. This becomes much more of an issue when dealing with what and how to instruct the jury.
So let's circle back to the original hypo of the lawn. If someone is being charged with a homicide (homeowner), it's likely going to be a murder. Murder doesn't technically require me to prove it wasn't in self defense, but it does require me to prove there was no excuse or justification. So practically, I do have to prove lack of self defense, and more. Murder can be reduced if, for instance, you can prove an excuse like being enraged such that you couldn't reflect on your actions. Another justification is.... you guess it- self defense.
So if you blast someone away in your front yard, is there an excuse or justification for it? The law provides the "castle doctrine" presumption above. But like all presumptions, it can be rebutted. Intruder breaks in and flees? No you can't blast him in the back as he runs away. Or can you? Can you persuade a jury you still imminently feared for your life?
For someone being in your yard, legally referred to as the "curtilage" of your home, you don't have the protection of the presumption above. Normal self defense would apply. But, it isn't "normal" there, is it? What about your garage, is that part of your home? (Yes it is). Driveway? (No).
There is seldom going to be a concrete yes/no black/white answer to these things. They are very fact driven. But if I had to make a generalization, even in CA, if some rando is in your house, fire away and don't let him make it outside. I wouldn't care if you shot someone 20 times in the back inside your house, and 20 more times once he's on the ground-- I call that fair game. But outside running away.... eesh.
Edit- watched the video. From what I gather, homies show up in homie-mobile (G37), hope the fence, and approach home. HO shoots and kills. While the legal presumption of self defense in the home wouldn't apply, there is a strong self defense argument anyway. Jumping fence, stranger, approaching home. All of this, to a reasonable person, indicates an immediate danger. If those are the facts, which they may or may not be, I'd lean towards not charging if that case came to me. I would write "lack of confidence in ability to persuade jury BARD that self defense did not apply."
Recall, for prosecutors there is an ethical duty not to charge someone unless you are convinced you can convince a jury BARD that you can meet the elements and overcome any defenses.